NYSCF Women’s Reproductive Cancers Initiative

About Women's Reproductive Cancers   Cancer Research at NYSCF   Scientific Advisory Board   News   FAQs

About Women’s Reproductive Cancers

Dr. Laura Andres-Martin explains the different types of women’s reproductive cancers.

Women’s reproductive cancers (such as ovarian cancer, endometrial cancer, uterine cancer, and cervical cancer) are massively underfunded given their deadly toll on society, and as a result remain very challenging to treat. Over 100,000 women in the United States are diagnosed with reproductive cancers each year, and over 32,000 women die annually from these cancers. The NYSCF Women’s Reproductive Cancers Initiative aims to shift paradigms in the way these cancers are studied and treated, in collaboration with leading cancer experts across the globe.

Our work begins with ovarian cancer, one of the deadliest types among women. Five years after diagnosis, ovarian cancer survival rates are just 47% – a number that has not changed in the past 25 years. This is partly due to the high frequency of patient relapses (over 75%) with cancers exhibiting drug resistance, making these cancers extremely difficult to treat effectively. Ovarian cancer is usually diagnosed at very late stages because of the vague symptoms and lack of effective screening strategies.

Women’s Reproductive Cancers Research at NYSCF

A major limiting factor in understanding and treating ovarian cancer is the lack of experimental models that recapitulate the particularities of each patient’s cancer. Moreover, cancer samples taken from patients have a finite lifetime which restricts what researchers can learn about each patient’s disease. At NYSCF, we use samples of patient tumors resected during surgery to generate self-renewing stem cells and 3D structures grown from stem cells (called “organoids”) that recapitulate each patient’s individual tumor. Our world-leading expertise in stem cell technology positions us to create these innovative, more effective, personalized models of cancer.

Susan L. Solomon, Dr. Ursula Matulonis, Dr. Laura Andres-Martin, Dr. Siddhartha Mukherjee, and Dr. Carla Grandori discuss current issues in women’s reproductive cancer research and treatment.

Tumor-derived organoids provide an infinite lifespan during which we can study tumor cell behavior, test drugs, and identify optimal treatment courses for each patient. They also help identify markers for early detection and examine how individual genetic risk factors influence each patient’s experience of ovarian cancer. At NYSCF, in collaboration with leading clinicians and researchers, we are building a large living biobank of ovarian cancer organoid models as a resource to advance the field.

In addition to the major unmet medical need for more advanced and innovative research solutions for these cancers, increased awareness of these issues is crucial for improving diagnosis, survival rates, and treatment effectiveness. NYSCF regularly holds scientific and patient-focused events that educate the public about these issues and present the latest advancements in women’s cancer research.

Read more about our recent panel discussion featuring members of the Initiative’s Scientific Advisory Board.

Scientific Advisory Board

The Initiative is guided by a Scientific Advisory Board of world-leading experts. Current members include:

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Carol Aghajanian, MD

Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center

Michael Birrer, MD, PhD

The University of Alabama at Birmingham

George Coukos, MD, PhD

University of Lausanne

Susan M. Domchek, MD

University of Pennsylvania

Ronny Drapkin, MD, PhD

University of Pennsylvania

Olivier Elemento, PhD

Weill Cornell Medicine

Ramez Eskander, MD

University of California, San Diego

Carla Grandori, MD, PhD

SEngine Precision Medicine

Carl June, MD

University of Pennsylvania

Ursula Matulonis, MD

Dana-Farber Cancer Institute

Kathleen Moore, MD

University of Oklahoma

Siddhartha Mukherjee, MD, DPhil

Columbia University

Alessandro Santin, MD

Yale University

Elizabeth M. Swisher, MD

University of Washington

Irving Weissman, MD

Stanford Medicine

Oliver Zivanovic, MD, PhD

Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center

 

Special Advisor:

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Hans Clevers, MD, PhD

 Hubrecht Institute

Women’s Reproductive Cancers News

Women’s Reproductive Cancers FAQs

What causes ovarian cancer?

Ovarian cancer causes are not well established, but we do know that certain risk factors make a woman more likely to develop the disease. For example, several genetic mutations (inherited or acquired over time) can contribute to its onset; we know the cancer starts in cells at the tail ends of the fallopian tubes or in the ovary itself; and cancer development? may be related to ovulation.

What are the risk factors for developing ovarian cancer?

Ovarian cancer risk factors include:

Genetic mutations in genes such as BRCA1, BRCA2, PTEN, PALB2, and RAD51

Aging (the risk of developing ovarian cancer increases with age, with most cases occurring after menopause)

Obesity

Taking hormone therapy after menopause

Having family history of ovarian cancer

Having a history of breast cancer

Smoking and alcohol use

What are the stages of ovarian cancer?

Ovarian cancer stages range from 1-4, with higher numbers indicating more advanced stages. Ovarian cancer treatments often depend on the stage of the disease, and each stage is defined by the size of the tumor, its spread to nearby lymph nodes, and its spread to more distant sites.

What are the signs and symptoms of ovarian cancer?

Ovarian cancer signs and symptoms may include the following:

Pain in the abdomen or pelvis

Bloating

Fluid in abdomen

Indigestion

Nausea

Fatigue

Loss of appetite

Lump in abdomen

Weight loss

Frequent urination

Constipation or menstrual changes